Chapter 4 examples

Chapter 4 examples

Felicity Cox

Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Australian English consonants

Word list from table 4.1

  Voiceless Voiced
Oral stops (plosives)     
Bilabial pie buy
Alveolar tie die
Velar kite guy
Africates    
Postalveolar chin gin
Fricatives    
Labiodental fie vie
Dental thigh thy
Alveolar sigh zoo
Postalveolar shy Asia
Glottal high   
Nasals (nasal stops)     
Bilabial    my
Alveolar    nigh
Velar    hang
Approximants    
Labiovelar    why
Palatal    you
Alveolar lateral    lie
Postalveolar    rye

Word list from table 4.2

 Long vowels Short vowels
Monophthongs   
beat bit
cared bet
   bat
Bart but
   pot
bought put
boot   
Bert   
   the (not "thee")
Diphthongs   
bait   
bite   
Boyd   
boat   
bout   
beard 

Diagnostic sentences

a. The children were busy building bridges and pretty women solved mysteries near damaged eucalypts.
b. These city people eat eel while police seize debris from the fields.
c. Her pen friend said she met many leopards leisurely headed west for better weather.
d.

The millionaire didn’t care that his scared  heir was wary of prayer.

e.

Jan’s cat scratched my hand while attacking dancing Atlantic salmon.

f. In a bizarre heart-stopping farce, father laughed as the guard’s car started down the path after Aunt Marge.
g.

The couple lunched with their son  under the floodlights at the front of the punt.

h. On John’s yacht we scoffed hot sausages and watched the seagulls quarrel and cough.
i.

The court order warned that  we all ought to obey the law and walk out the door  before we’re caught.

j.

Should the courier wolf down  the full pudding the good woman cooked?

k.

Two news crews who queued for food got beautiful fruit on Tuesday.

l. Colonel Byrne turned a perfect first sojourn into the worst journey on Earth.
m.

The foreign composers, Beryl and Michael,  promised to write another thoroughly awesome anthem about the mountains.

n. Waiting for the ballet matinee they tasted champagne and ate steak in a cafe.
o. The island choir might guide us in style through a night of fine dining.
p.

Roy’s lawyer was buoyed by  the boiled oyster.

q.

Clowns ploughing the ground  are now outlawed in our town.

r.

Joe sews old coats and knows a bowl of cocoa soothes the soul.

s. The weird bearded seer heard cheering near the pier.

4.4.1 Primary stress

above
delight
commute
comply
lantern
petrol
oxygen
giant

4.4.2 Secondary stress

phonological
apologetic
aphrodite
deliberation
environmental
editorial
indefatigable
economic
vaccine
triumph
anecdote
insulate
cemetary
porcupine
helicopter
vegemite
melancholy
systematise
alliterate
methane
sterile

4.4.3 Compound words

football
blackboard
newspaper
surfboard
ladybird
underwear

4.4.4 Unstressed syllables

abduct
admit
combine
confirmation
condition
elaborate
patrol
watches

Unstressed /ɪ/

stomach
cabbage
marriage
barrack
paddock
language
radish
music
communism
running

Unstressed /iː/, /ʉː/ and /əʉ/

podium
junior
serious
tenuous
factual
sensual
appreciation
influential
very
city
every
potato
barrow
banjo

4.5.1 Syllabic /n/

button
sadden
dozen
fasten
happen
robin
heaven
cushion
Persian
slacken
toboggan

4.5.2 Syllabic /m/

album
possum
chasm

4.5.3 Syllabic /l/

cattle
middle
castle
muzzle
final
table
apple
haggle
offal
bushel
satchel
angel

4.6.2 Epenthetic consonants

Linking and Intrusive 'r'

the car
the car seat
the car alarm
Ma and Pa
pasta and sauce
drawing
law and order

Linking  /w/ and /j/

I am
you are

Other epenthetic consonants

without epenthesis with epenthesis  
hamster
monster
sense/cents

4.8.1 Assimilation of alveolar to bilabial stops

might pay
might bite
might meet
should pay
should bite
should meet
seen Pam
seen Bill
seen Mike
seen Wendy

4.8.2 Assimilation of alveolar to velar

might come
might go
should come
should go
seen Ken
seen Gay
fine cotton
fun game

4.8.3 Assimilation of alveolar to postaleolar fricatives

this ship
these shoes
this year
tells you
in case you need it
has your letter come?

4.8.4 Word internal assimilation

goodbye
tadpole
unmotivated
horseshoe
star time
start time

4.8.5 Affrication

shut your eyes
did you?

4.9 Consonant deletion/elision

Other epenthetic consonants

Full Form Delated Stop  
amends
handful
directly
investment
next day
old man

4.10 Voicing of stops, fricatives and affricates

{-s} morpheme (verb 3rd person singular present tense, or noun plural)

glasses
mazes
lashes
collages
catches
hedges
dogs
pads
bins
eyes
cats
tips
packs
cliffs

{-ed} morpheme (verb past tense)

wanted
guided
rowed
dodged
tossed
walked

Content owner: Department of Linguistics Last updated: 12 Mar 2024 10:59am

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