C

Caley's Repulse (Linden, NSW)
Cairn of stones; popularly ascribed (from Macquarie's time onwards) to colonial botanist and explorer, George Caley; however he did not venture into that part of the Blue Mountains. It is far more likely to be of Aboriginal origin - there are similar cairns in the Mountains which have undoubtedly been constructed by Aborigines.

Campbell's Farm (NSW)
Macquarie gave J. T. Campbell 2020 acres south of Bent's Farm. It consisted of two grants: 'Shancomore (1550 acres) and 'Ballynashannon' (470 acres).

Cape Horn (Tierra del Fuego, Chile)
Location: 55°59' S, 67°16' W
The southernmost point of South America [more correctly Cape Hoorn or Kaap Van Hoorn]. Rocky headland 424 m high on Horn Island in Tierra del Fuego. Notorious for stormy weather and heavy seas.

Francis Drake has long been credited with the discovery of Cape Horn in 1577 on board the Pelican (later renamed The Golden Hind [100 tons]). However, the cape was first rounded on 29 January 1616 by the Dutch seamen Jacob le Maire and Willem Schouten, passing through the strait between Staten Island (Isla de los Estrodos) and Tierra del Fuego, which they named the Strait of Le Maire ( Estrecho de la Maire), and round Cape Horn, which they named in honour of Schouten's birthplace, the town of Hoorn in Holland, and also where the ship had been fitted out.

'False Cape Hoorn' is the southern extremity of Tierra del Fuego, whereas the true Cape Hoorn is on Hoorn Island, a little further south. [It became Cape Horn in English and Cabo de Hornos (the Cape of Ovens) in Spanish.

Cape of Good Hope, (South Africa)
The Cape of Good Hope was originally a Dutch colony, founded in 1651 and used as a port of call on the sea route to her colonies in the East Indies. It was captured by the British fleet in 1795, returned to the Dutch in 1801, and then recaptured in 1806 and retained by the British thereafter. It was taken and held chiefly for the benefit of the British East India Company and to prevent the French from using it. Lachlan Macquarie visited it on three occasions; firstly in June 1788 (for 10 days) on his first voyage to India, on his return to England in March 1803, and lastly in September/October 1809 (for 20 days).

The Cape had no safe anchorage. Table Bay was exposed to the wind and sea of the South Atlantic Ocean and was usable only in the summer months; in winter, ships were anchored at Simon's Bay (in False Bay), about thirty miles away from Cape Town by sea. Each time Macquarie visited the Cape, he took the opportunity for sightseeing and socialising after long sea voyages, the anchorage for his ships varied: Simon's Bay in 1788, and Table Bay in 1803 and 1809.

Castlereagh (NSW)
Macquarie founded five towns in the Mulgoa district: Castlereagh, Windsor, Richmond, Wilderforce, and Pitt Town. All that remains of the original town site of Castlereagh is a graveyard.

Castlereagh District (NSW)
Macquarie refers to the "extreme chain of farms along the Nepean". These were the Castlereagh farms which extended along the eastern bank of the Nepean for nine miles from Penrith towards Richmond. They were Crown grants made in June 1803, and had been occupied for seven years at the time of Macquarie's visit.

Chops, The (England)
The 'Chops of the Channel', the western entrance of the English Channel when approaching from the Atlantic.

Coal Island (Newcastle, NSW)
During an expedition to Newcastle in July 1801 in the survey brig Lady Nelson (accompanied by the schooner Francis) Lt. Col. Paterson, investigating the coal resources of the region, changed the name at the harbour entrance from Hacking's Island to Coal Island. However by 1810 Coal Island had become known as Nobby's - there is no clear historical explanation for the adoption of this name.

Coorg (or Coorga) [KODAGU] (South India)
Small mountain kingdom/hill-state to the west of the tableland of Mysore, in which the the source of the Cauvery (Kaveri) River is located. Originally annexed by Tipu Sultan. Provided invaluable support to the British in their 1799 campaign against the kingdom of Mysore and warned the Bombay army of the presence of Tipu near Seedaseer in March 1799. Macquarie travelled through the region in 1791-1792 and 1799.

Corvo (North Atlantic Ocean)
The northernmost island in the Azores archipelago.

Cowpastures (Camden, NSW)
Name first used by Governor John Hunter in 1795 to describe the Camden region, south-west of Sydney. The name reflected the place-name usage in England to describe the common grazing land near a village. To the northwards the 'Cowpastures' was ill-defined (beyond Narellan) and to the south its limit was Stonequarry Creek. The Aborigines called the place 'Baragil', or 'Baragal'.

Cowpastures Road (NSW)
Opened as a track from the settlement of Prospect Hill to the Cowpastures in 1806.

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